Everything about Guan Zhong totally explained
Guan Zhong (Chinese: 管仲, Wade-Giles: Kuan Chung) (born 725 BC, died in
645 BC) was a
Chinese politician in the
Spring and Autumn Period. His
given name was
Yíwú (夷吾).
Zhong was his
courtesy name. Recommended by
Bao Shuya, he was appointed
Prime Minister by
Duke Huan of Qi in
685 BC.
Guan Zhong modernized the
state of
Qi by starting multiple
reforms. Politically, he
centralized power and divided the state into different
villages, each carrying out a specific
trade. Instead of relying on the
traditional
aristocracy for
manpower, he applied
levies to the village units directly. He also developed a better method for choosing talent to be
governors. Under Guan Zhong, Qi shifted
administrative responsibilities from
hereditary aristocrats to
professional
bureaucrats.
Guan Zhong also introduced several important
economic reforms. He created a uniform
tax code. He also used state power to encourage the production of
salt and
iron;
historians usually credit Guan Zhong for introducing state
monopolies of salt and iron. During his term of office, the state of Qi became much stronger and
Duke Huan of Qi gained
hegemony among the states.
He is listed as the
author of the
Guanzi encyclopedia, actually a much later (of the late "
Warring States" period) of works from the scholars of the
Jixia Academy.
Further Information
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